Bill Luby, of VIX and more, recently pointed out that the 1st / 2nd month volatility futures had recently set a record (now 70 days) for continuous time spent in backwardation—where the value of the 1st month is higher than the 2nd month. Not just a trivia question, this condition has been feathering the pockets of those holding volatility ETNs like VXX / TVIX, and picking the pockets of those holding inverse volatility ETNs like XIV and SVXY. Is this backwardation record a harbinger of structural changes in volatility futures, or is it just the normal response to a market correction?
Just visualizing the history of contango, starting when volatility futures started trading in March of 2004 is not an easy task. It has two dimensions of time: the term structure of the volatility futures on a given date, and the variation of that term structure over time. Obtaining the raw data itself is not trivial. The CBOE provides volatilty futures data back to March 2004 on their web site, but it is in the form of 95 (!) different spreadsheets, and it is incomplete because not all months traded for the first several years. To get a full data set back to 2004 required a considerable amount of interpolation / extrapolation. If you are interested in obtaining the spreadsheet that consolidates all this data see this post.
The graphs below focus on the front two months of volatility futures. The first covers from 2004 to the present. I have quantified the contango as the percentage difference between the 1st and 2nd month, with the 1st month being the reference. Negative values indicate a contango state, positive indicates backwardation.
A couple things jumped out at me when I saw this graph. First of all, at a 10,000 meter level, first month volatilty futures do a good job of tracking the VIX index. Certainly they don’t track well during the most volatile periods of VIX, but during the quiet times they are within a few points. Second, the other than few days in Dec 2008/Jan 2009 the 1st and 2nd month futures were in contango for a long time (128 days) during the 2008/2009 bear market. Not surprisingly, the graph shows that most of the time, volatility futures are in contango
This next graph zooms in on our current situation, starting in July 2011.
In the Fall 2011 correction the futures lagged the VIX, but more recently have caught up. The 2nd month futures usually lag both the 1st month futures and VIX.
At least for 1st and 2nd month futures the term structure seems to be behaving like it did in the past. Next I’ll look at the medium term ( 4 to 7 month) futures to see how they have behaved.














