How ETFs work

This article in etf.com does a very nice job of explaining how ETFs manage to track their net asset value (NAV). It is a two-tiered market.  Ordinary investors buy and sell on the exchanges.  If the value of an ETF (for example SPY), wanders too far off from the price of the underlying stocks (the S&P 500 in this case) then the 2nd tier of …

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DIA dividend capture

The SPDR Dow Diamond ETF is an interesting candidate for a dividend capture strategy–if you can do it in a tax sheltered account such as a traditional or ROTH IRA.   On an annual basis is it yielding around 2% and it distributes dividends monthly.  Its dividend payouts are not consistent month to month, they vary from an average of  $0.11 in January over the last 5 years, to and average of $0.33 in October.  The chart below gives details.   February’s average payout is around $0.25, which is pretty close to a .25% return since the DIA is around $100 per share right now.

DIA is unusual for a index ETF offering monthly dividends, in that its ex-dividend dates are the day before the option expiration date for that month.  For example DIA goes ex-dividend on 19-February and the last day of trading on the options is also the 19th with expiration on Saturday the 20th.

This arrangement sets up a straightforward dividend capture scheme using covered calls.   You buy DIA and sell DIA ITM calls, with an extrinsic  value (time value) of approximately the dividend value (historically about 0.25 for February).  At closing today, with DIA at $101.5, this would suggest the 98 Feb call, which at $3.75 would give the target extrinsic value.  The break-even point on this position will probably be 101.5-3.75 =97.75.  I say probably, because there is uncertainty on whether you collect the 0.25 per share dividend or not.

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2023 Ex-Dividend Dates for Russell ETFs: IWM, IWP, IWB, IWZ, IWR, IWD, IWV, IWS, IWO, IWW, IWC, IWL, IWX, IWY, IWF

2023 Ex-Dividend Dates for Russell ETFs: IWB, IWC, IWD, IWM, IWO, IWP, IWR, IWS, IWV, IWZ, IWV, IWS, IWO, IWW, IWC, IWL, IWX, IWY, IWFBased on Ishares’ distribution schedule I expect the next ex-Dividend, pay dates for these ETFs to be: 2023 Ex-Dividend Dates Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Possible Income Distribution 23-March 7-June 26-September 20-December 28-Dec 2022 Pay/Distribution Dates Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Possible Income …

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Trading in IRA accounts, and avoiding “free riding”

As much as possible I try to trade in my IRA accounts—in order to defer taxes of course. It is a bit counter-intuitive to be doing more speculative activities in a retirement account, but this approach supports my goals:

  • Achieving good returns
  • With reasonable risks
  • While compounding growth

If your money is in Roth accounts, all the better, but most people interested in trading in their IRAs are restricted to traditional IRAs.

There are restrictions on what trades you can do in an IRA account.  For example, you can’t short a stock in an IRA account, but option restrictions have eased some over the years,  and market innovations like short ETFs (e.g., SH, SDS) have effectively bypassed some of the more onerous restrictions.   Brokers vary considerably in what they allow in IRA accounts, so pays to ask around.   Fidelity & Schwab allow many types of option spreads that some brokers might not. Covered calls and protective puts on long positions are broadly available within IRAs. Interactive Brokers and TD Ameritrade both waive the 2-day settlement requirement on trades in IRAs so if you plan to do frequent trades they would definitely be worth a look.

For a more general treatment on trading in IRAs see “Top 15 Questions About Trading in IRAs.”  The rest of this post will deal with free riding and how to avoid it.

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Getting the correct greeks for VIX options

Many software packages that report option Greeks (e.g., delta, gamma, theta, implied volatility) report incorrect values for VIX options (Fidelity, Schwab, Ameritrade , LIVEVOL and Barchart (free subscription) are notable exceptions). Depending on the date and state of the market they can vary from almost correct to widely wrong–giving truly nonsense numbers.  These packages assume that the VIX index is the underlying for the VIX options.  This is wrong.  The best underlying to use is the corresponding VIX future for that month (e.g., January VIX futures for January VIX options).

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